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61 rules

Word endings

In, at, on-eAfter a consonant-teAfter a vowelThe towel is in the bathroom.Towel-ta bathroom-e achhe.
Of, or 's-er · -rTo a person-keThe one-ta · -tiMore than one-gulo · -raOf them, to them: -der-ra · -derCounting things: ekta, duto, tinte-ta · -to · -teCounting people: -jon-jonJust, only, the very: -i-iAlso, too, even: -o-oFlat or solid things: -khana-khana · -khani

Little words after nouns

From: thekethekeAfter a place or a time-er kachh thekeFrom a personI've come from London.Ami London theke eshechhi.
Than: -er cheye-er cheye · -r cheye · shobcheyeWith someone: -er shathe-er shathe · -r shathe · amar shatheWith a tool, by way of: diyediyeFor: -er jonno-er jonno · -r jonno · tomar jonnoNear, to a person, on me: kachhe-er kachhe · amar kachheOn top of, under, next to: -er upore-er upore · -er niche · -er bhitore · -er pasheBefore, after, within: -er age, -er pore-er age · -er pore · -er moddhe

You and respect

Apni, tumi, tuiapni ... -enRespect: elders, strangers, at worktumi ... -oFriends, family, younger peopletui ... -ishVery close friends and small childrenWhere do you live? (respectful)Apni kothay thaken?
He or she: o, unio, se · uni · tiniMy, your, his: amar, tomaramar · apnar, tomar, tor · onar, or, tar · amader, tomader, oderMe, you, him: amake, tomakeamake · apnake, tomake, toke · onake, oke, takeWe, you all, they: amra, tomra, oraamra · apnara, tomra · onara, ora

Being and having

No word for isno verbSaying what or how something is, nowI'm a student.Ami chhatro.
Is there, is somewhere: achheachhi · achho · achhen · achheHaving: amar ... achheowner-r ... achhe · owner-r ... neiWas, were: chhilochhilam · chhile · chhilen · chhiloLive, stay, will be: thakathaki, thako, thaken, thake · thakbo, thakbe, thakbenHappens, usually is: hoyhoy · hoy naI like, I need: amar ... lageamar ... lage · amar ... lagbe · amar ... peyechhe

Verb tenses

I do: the simple present-iami (I), amra (we)-otumi (you), tomra (you all)-enapni (you, respectful), uni (he or she, respectful)-eo (he or she), se (he or she), things-ishtui (you, intimate)I have tea every morning.Ami protidin shokal-e cha khai.
I'm doing: -chhi-chhi · -chho · -chhen · -chheI have done: -echhi-echhi · -echho · -echhen · -echheI did: -lam-lam · -le · -len · -loI was doing: -chhilam-chhilam · -chhile · -chhilen · -chhiloI will: -bo-bo · -be · -ben · -biI used to: -tam-tam · -te · -ten · -toCommands: koro, korun, kor-o · -un · no endingVerbs that change a vowel: likhi, lekhoi or u · e or o

Saying no

Na goes after the verbnaAfter the verbI don't know.Ami jani na.
There isn't, don't have: neineiIs not: noynoy · noi · nao · nonDidn't, haven't: -ni-niDon't: koro na, korben nakoro na · korben na · korish naNa before the if and -e formsna ...-le · na ...-e

Asking

Yes or no questions: kiki after the subjectA yes or no questionno ki, rising voiceQuick everyday speechAre you coming?Tumi ki ashbe?
Question words go where the answer goeskothay · kokhon · keno · ki · koto · konWho, whose, whom: ke, kar, kakeke · kar · kake

Joining verbs

Do this, then that: kheye, giye-eStem ends in a consonant-ye, -iyeStem ends in a vowelirregularJawa (to go) and asha (to come)Eat before you go.Kheye jao.
If, when: -le-le · -le with a vowel changeWant to, can: the -te form-te · -te with a vowel changeMust, have to: -ke ... -te hobe-ke ... -te hobe · -ke ... -te hoy · -ke ... -te holoAll done: -e fela-e + felaFor others or for yourself: -e dao, -e nao-e + dewa · -e + neowaIt happened, it became: -e jawa-e + jawa · hoye + jawaMake a verb with koranoun + kora · English word + kora

Word order

The verb comes lastsubject ... verbPlain statementsI eat rice.Ami bhat khai.
Leave out I and youverb alone

Echo and doubling

And things like that: echo wordsword + t-wordAnd things like thatPack your clothes and things.Jama-tama gochhao.
Doubled words: ki ki, boro boroquestion word twice · describing word twice · -te form twice